Development of Real-World-Emission Reduction Technologies (First Report)
-Establishment of a Digital Twin Development Environment-

Masato ikemoto･Kentaro Mineo･Mie Kato･Takahiro Tsukagoshi･Hiromasa Nishioka･Bungo Kawaguchi (Toyota Motor)･Yuki Moribe･Masayasu Harimoto (Toyota Technical Development)

In addition to modal emissions, measures to address local emissions in the real world are being considered. Since traffic flow and driving characteristics influence real world emissions, a highly reproducible evaluation environment is necessary. By establishing a digital twin development environment that integrates traffic flow simulation, driving simulators, and vehicle simulators, it has become possible to evaluate emissions equivalent to those on actual roads.

Development of Real-World-Emission Reduction Technologies(Second Report)
-Consideration of Real-World-Emission Reduction-

Kentaro Mineo･Masato Ikemoto･Mie Kato･Takahiro Tsukagoshi･Hiromasa Nishioka･Bungo Kawaguchi (Toyota Motor)

In the real world, emissions are released locally based on the combination of traffic flow, driver behavior, and the condition of the catalyst. By utilizing miniPEMS, we analyzed the emission points and mechanisms of real-world-emissions. Additionally, we employed a digital twin environment to examine the control of the exhaust system, including the catalyst and air-fuel ratio, and to verify the robustness of countermeasures under various traffic flow conditions.

Development of Powertrain Technologies for Achieving Zero Emissions (Part 1)
-Improvement of the Trade-off Between Purification and Pressure Loss in Catalytic Reactions-

Hiroyoshi Ueda･Hiromu Sasaki･Kazuhiro Umemoto･Hiromasa Nishioka･Bungo Kawaguchi (Toyota Motor)

In the development of environmentally friendly vehicles aimed at achieving carbon neutrality, reducing air pollutants remains a critical challenge. Conventional approaches to improving exhaust purification efficiency often involve trade-offs, such as increasing catalyst volume or cell density, which result in higher pressure loss. This study investigates the fluid dynamics near the catalyst cell inlet, focusing on enhancing gas–catalyst interaction through the use of convection. By leveraging this mechanism, we have developed an innovative structural design that improves purification performance while improving the traditional trade-off with pressure loss.

A study on Screening method for Catalysts Using Arc-plasma Deposition

Teppei Ohori (Isuzu Advanced Engineering Center)･Masato Machida (Kumamoto University)･Hisashi Ozawa (Isuzu Advanced Engineering Center)

To address urban air pollution and global environmental issues, the development of technologies to neutralize or recycle various exhaust gas components is crucial. This report introduces a screening method to efficiently explore conditions and catalysts suitable for these reactions.

Prediction of exhaust gas purification performance of Pd/CZ-based three-way catalysts for plug-in hybrid passenger vehicles

Yuma Endo･Jin Kusaka (Waseda University Graduate School)･Yuya Hato･Takashi Araki (Mazda)

A numerical model was constructed to predict the purification performance of three-way catalysts for plug-in hybrid vehicles. Pd/CZ catalysts with accelerated degradation equivalent to 65,000 km usage were used to conduct CO pulse adsorption tests and light-off tests in lean, stoichiometric, and rich atmospheres in a mini-reactor. The results showed that the calculation model was able to approximately reproduce the purification behaviors of CO, C3H6, and NO at 150-400 °C.

Smoke emission characteristics of biofuels

Kenichi Tomomatsu･Masaharu Ito (SOKEN)･Yo Usui･Takashi Kawachi･Gaku Kishimoto (Toyota Industries Corporation)

As the transition toward carbon neutrality accelerates, the drop-in adoption of biofuels as alternatives to diesel fuel is progressing. However, due to regional characteristics and regulatory differences, various fuels are expected to be distributed. This study aims to predict smoke emissions based on the fuel properties and spray characteristics of biofuels, thereby contributing to the development of engine calibration for various biofuels in the market.