Metrics for estimating driver inattention in level 2 automated driving

Nozomi Nakajima (Keio University)･Ryusuke Sagawa･Nobuhiro Mizuno･Akira Yoshizawa (DENSO IT Laboratory)･Tatsuru Daimon (Keio University)

This study investigated metrics for estimating driver inattention during Level 2 automated driving, involving reduced attention to monitoring the surroundings and immersion in thought. Using a driving simulator, we replicated inattentive states by assigning secondary tasks. We report the results of a comparative analysis of visual behavior characteristics between monitoring in an inattentive state and monitoring perceived as safe by the driver.

Detection of Driver's Unsafe Awareness Based on Dynamic Estimation of Forward Gaze Point

Manabu Sato･Hironori Suzuki (Toyo University)

This study detects the latent unsafe awareness of drivers on three-lane highways. Using a Preview Driver Model (PDM) and applying a particle filter to front-wheel steering angle data, the forward gaze point is estimated from the derived parameters. By visualizing this forward gaze point (which is typically difficult to measure directly) this research successfully verifies the detection and validity of drivers' unsafe awareness.

Driver and Passenger State Monitoring for Determining Appropriate Intervention Timing and Methods

Mieko Ohsuga (Osaka Institute of Technology/Wellnesslab)･Hiroki Takeuchi (University of Occupational and Environmental Health)･Yoshiyuki Kamakura (Osaka Institute of Technology)

As automated driving advances, the need for monitoring driver and passenger states is paradoxically increasing. One primary objective of this monitoring is real-time intervention. This presentation identifies the requirements and challenges for enabling interventions at appropriate timing and through suitable methods. Furthermore, we report insights obtained from an exploratory analysis of proprietary data.

Optimization of Multisensory Stimulation Based on Physiological Indicators
-Investigation of Stimulus Combinations Contributing to Arousal Enhancement-

Yurie Ogawa･Shinya Ohira･Yuto Korogi･Chie Fukuhara (Toyota Mortor)

To develop a system that enhances driver arousal, the effects of auditory, climate, and fragrance stimuli, as well as the amplification or attenuation resulting from their interactions, were quantified using subjective sensory evaluations and physiological measurements. In an actual vehicle environment, the results suggest that airflow direction from the climate system alters auditory perception and the distribution of fragrance, thereby affecting the magnitude of these effects. Based on these findings, guidelines for adjustments to vehicle controls to maximize the overall effect were proposed.

Effects of regional airflow from dual- and single-column fan-integrated carseat on body coolimg under a comparable resting skin-temperature environments

Hayato Takahashi･Kentarou Wada･Teruyuki Nagai (Kyoto Institute of Technology)･Tetsuya Kitagawa (Fortech Co. Ltd.)･Yukiko Nishizaki･Naoyuki Yamashita (Kyoto Institute of Technology)

This study investigated the effect of single- and dual-column fan configurations in a fan-integrated carseat on thermoregulatory responses under an ambient temperature of ~33°C, comparable to resting mean skin temperature. Fans were arranged in three and two rows in the backrest and seat cushion, using either dual- or single-column configurations. An airflow was delivered from both the backrest and seat cushion. Rectal and skin temperatures were measured throughout the experiment. Changes in rectal and mean skin temperatures did not differ significantly between the two configurations, suggesting that single-column fan configurations may be sufficient to maintain thermoregulatory responses at 33°C.

Analysis of a Participants Experiment on the Physiological and Psychological Responses due to the Low-Emissivity Glass in a Winter Vehicle Cabin

Yoshiichi Ozeki (AGC)･Yuuichiro Tsujimoto･Kan Shindo･Shin-Ichi Tanabe (Waseda University)

This paper investigates the effects of glass emissivity on the thermal environment inside a vehicle as well as on human psychological and physiological responses. We conducted an experiment in a vehicle cabin simulating a winter scenario with low-emissivity (low-E) and normal glass on each side. We measured the thermal environment around each type of glass and participants’ thermal sensation votes were collected. The experimental results indicate that the single low-E glass for automotive applications significantly improves the radiant environment and provides a thermal environment equivalent to that of low-E double glazing for architectural applications. Moreover, the low-E glass helped maintain higher skin temperatures and reduced cold sensations, as confirmed by a previously developed numerical model.

A Study on Estimating Occupant Thermal Comfort Using Facial Expressions and Physiological Indicator

Chikara Kawamura･Yuko Hara･Yuki Kodama (Mazda)･Toshio Tsuji (Hiroshima University)

We built a model using facial and physiological data to estimate thermal comfort and identified its effectiveness and technical issues.