Effect of relative hood leading-edge height on torso injuries based on pedestrian in-depth crash data

Tsukasa Goto･Susumu Ejima (SUBARU)

This study examined the relationship between the vehicle front-end height relative to the pedestrian waist and hip and pedestrian torso injuries using pedestrian in-depth crash data in Japan. The results show that as the relative front-end height increases, the proportion of accidents with AIS 2+ injuries to the pedestrian chest, abdomen, and pelvis increases. This study shows detailed results, causes of this trend, and influence on pedestrian protection.

Analysis of Pedestrian Chest Injury Mechanisms in High-Hood SUV Impacts
-Change in Whole-Body Kinematics of THUMS Induced by Vehicle Reaction Forces-

Yojiro Iizuka (Toyota Motor)･Sora Ueki (Meitec)･Junji Kawashima･Hiroaki Imai･Mitsuhiro Hamada･Yuuji Nakane (Toyota Motor)

To clarify the mechanism of pedestrian chest injury in high-hood SUV impacts, a crash simulation was conducted based on the THUMS pedestrian model. Chest deflection was found to depend on thoracic impact velocity induced by bumper reaction forces transmitted through the pelvis support, whereas rib strain was primarily influenced by direct hood reaction forces acting on the thorax. These findings indicate the critical importance of vehicle reaction forces in determining pedestrian chest injury.

Development of an injury prediction algorithm using GIDAS for pedestrians in Europe

Yasuaki Gunji･Takashi Hasegawa (Honda R&D)･Suguru Yoshida (SGR Consulting)･Shigeru Tominaga (Nihon University)

This study developed an injury prediction algorithm for an Advanced Automated Collision Notification (AACN) system targeting pedestrian accidents in Europe. Using the GIDAS accident investigation database, the algorithm was developed by using collision speed and age of pedestrian as risk factors in regression analysis. As a result, the algorithm achieved a level of accuracy useful for emergency medical response assessments, predicting the probability of MAIS score of 3 or higher.

Accuracy Enhancement of CAE Simulations for Pedestrian Collision Accidents in Medical–Engineering Collaboration

Mie Tokuyama･Takahiro Andoh･Koji Onishi･Noboru Tanase (Toyota Motor)･Toru Kiuchi･Takehiro Tsuji (Institute for Traffic Accident Research and Data Analysis)

Medical–engineering collaboration aims to reduce fatalities and injuries by elucidating injury mechanisms through the integration of engineering analyses, such as traffic accident scene investigations and vehicle damage analyses, with medical diagnostic information. By further incorporating CAE-based simulations, more detailed analyses can be achieved. In this study, to improve simulation accuracy, the effects of human body model height and weight distribution on kinematic behavior were investigated using actual pedestrian accident cases. Pedestrian motion was quantitatively evaluated using an image-based 3D matching

Relative Position of a Pedestrian After Collision With Respect to the Vehicle's Stopping Position

Mototsugu Suzuki･Tetsuya Nishimoto (Nihon University)･Tomokazu Motomura (Nippon Medical School)

This study examined the relationship between the vehicle’s final stopping position and the pedestrian’s fall location in pedestrian accidents. Although the analysis was limited to approximately 18 real-world cases, the distances from the vehicle’s stopping position were identified. These findings are considered to provide fundamental information for utilizing in-vehicle cameras in emergency medical care.

Mechanisms of injury among cyclists and the influence of body center of gravity, as indicated by fatal injuries to pedestrians

Shinichi Ishii･Yasuo Ono (Chiba Pref. Police H.Q.)

In response to the urgent challenge of significantly reducing the number of traffic fatalities, as outlined in the 12th Basic Plan for Traffic Safety, we identified the mechanisms specific to cyclists by using the mechanisms of fatal injuries among pedestrians as a reference. The decisive factor distinguishing the injury mechanisms between cyclists and pedestrians was the vertical offset of the body’s center of gravity relative to the front edge of a car’s engine hood.