The Role of Hydrogen in the Future Energy & Mobility System

Juergen Rechberger･Bernd Reiter･Alexander Schenk (AVL List)

The energy transition to a net zero CO₂ society is widely recognized as a monumental challenge. It is widely accepted that hydrogen and hydrogen derivates will play an important role. A study will be presented which shows an energy scenario for Austria 2050, where all end-use sectors like mobility, industry and buildings are decarbonized. This study gives a very good indication for the future hydrogen demand of industrialized countries. Additionally, technologies to produce hydrogen and hydrogen derivates with up to 90% efficiency will be presented and 2 key use cases of hydrogen will be discussed: industry and heavy duty trucks.

Effects of Operating Conditions and Cylinder Wall Temperature Differences on the Proportion of Condensed Water in Lubricating Oil in Premixed Hydrogen Engine

Yuji Mihara･Yuya Hirose･Masakuni Oikawa･Takumi Iwata･Dengda Zhu (Tokyo City University)･Michiyasu Owashi (Motora)

The operating conditions of a premixed hydrogen engine, the cylinder wall temperature, and the lubricating oil temperature were varied between 20°C and 80°C, and the proportion of condensed water in the lubricating oil was investigated. As a result, in motoring, the water percentage in lubricating oil remained unchanged regardless of the wall temperature and oil temperature. On the other hand, in the case of combustion, if the wall temperature is 40°C, the steam produced by combustion condenses near the wall surface and gets mixed into the oil film attached to the piston cylinder, which increases significantly as the wall temperature.

Development of Ammonia Mixed Combustion Engine for Automobiles

Minoru Tsuda･Masateru Ishida･Tsuyoshi Ihara･Dai Yamanishi･Kazuyuki Maeda (National Fisheries University)

To clarify the combustion characteristics and DPF performance when ammonia is used in a small high-speed engine, 214kW/3101min-1 diesel engine with a DPF was operated using a fuel made from a mixture of light oil and ammonia water, and the engine performance and characteristics of NOx, PM, and DPF were analyzed. As a result, it was clarified that ammonia can also be used in small high-speed engines.

Experimental Study of Lignin Fuels for Marine Engines

Motoki Terauchi･Simon Friborg Mortensen･Anders Ivarsson (Technical University of Denmark)

A sustainable fuel composed of ethanol and lignin, the second most abundant biomass produced as a by-product and mostly wasted, was evaluated experimentally in a small-bore CI engine. This fuel is mainly considered relevant for large marine engines designed to tolerate a wide range of fuels. However, special considerations are still required for this fuel due to the composition of distinct substances of extremely different viscosities and boiling point temperatures. Systematic variations of engine parameters were used to investigate the applicability of the fuel for engines, with particular focus on injection properties, ignition quality and deposit formation.

Development of a Method for Quantifying the Cause of Carbon Deposit Formation in Gasoline Engines

Shouta Tobe･Akihiro Suzuki (SUBARU)･Satoshi Yoshizawa･Takahide Horiguchi (UBE Scientific Analysis Laboratory)

The purpose is to analyze the carbon deposits in the gasoline engine and identify the cause of their formation.
In this study, we construct a method to quantify the ratio of gasoline and oil that causes formation by combining analytical methods, and we report the results.

The Development of JASO GLV-2 – Next Generation Low Viscosity Automotive Gasoline Engine Oils Specification – Part1

Noriyuki Matsui･Satoru Yoshida (ENEOS)･Kazuo Yamamori (Toyota Motor)

Lowering the viscosity of engine oil is effective in reducing CO₂ emissions from internal combustion engines. “JASO GLV-1” was established in 2019, and to promote the spread of low-viscosity oils further, Task Force (TF), composed of mainly in the Japanese automobile and petroleum industries, was established and developed “JASO GLV-2”, the next-generation low viscosity standard. This standard maintains the high temperature viscosity of SAE 16 and SAE 20 to ensure oil pressure and reliability, and improves fuel efficiency equivalent to that of “JASO GLV-1”.

The Development of JASO GLV-2 – Next Generation Low Viscosity Automotive Gasoline Engine Oils Specification – Part2
-Volatility and Shear Stability Test Procedure-

Kazuo Yamamori･Satoshi Hirano･Yuta Uematsu･Shunsuke Mori (Toyota Motor)･Satoru Yoshida･Noriyuki Matsui (ENEOS)･Kazuteru Kotaka･Isao Tanaka (Chevron Japan)･Jo Martinez (Chevron Oronite)

The next-generation low-viscosity oil, defined as JASO GLV-2 Specification, maintains the high-temperature viscosity of SAE 16 and SAE 20 to ensure oil pressure and reliability, while improving fuel economy at the same time.
Potential concerns are the increase of volatility and the decrease of finished oil shear stability due to the lower base oil viscosity and the increase of viscosity modifier treat level respectively. Two laboratory tests have been developed based on existing test equipment to improve their correlation with actual firing engines for better assessments of these performance aspects.