The Syngas Production by Biogas with Methanol through Piston Compression of Diesel Engines

Changqi Liu･Dengpei Chen･Hiromu Katou･Gen Shibata･Hideyuki Ogawa (Hokkaido University)･Ken Kawabe･Ryota Minamino (Yanmar Holdings)

Under high equivalence ratio conditions, reforming of syngas via dual-fuel combustion of a small amount of diesel and biogas is associated with the issue of high smoke emissions. This study aims to reduce smoke and improve the yield of syngas by supplying methanol along with biogas to the intake, using engine experiments and chemical kinetics calculations, and to clarify the reaction processes involved.

Development of fixed speed spark ignited hydrogen internal combustion engine for heavy duty non-road applications

Xander Seykens･Erik Doosje･Cemil Bekdemir (TNO)･Peter Wezenbeek (NPS Driven B.V.)

The paper presents an overview of key development aspects for realizing a fixed speed heavy duty SI hydrogen internal combustion engine for non-road applications requiring no NOx aftertreatment. Single-cylinder experimental research results are used to determine key engine parameters, e.g. compression ratio, and base operating conditions as input to full-scale engine hardware definition. Measures to optimize performance and safeguard operational safety, e.g. misfire detection and prevention of hydrogen slip, are discussed. Engine emissions and power performance characteristics are presented for stationary operation and load steps demonstrating the STAGE V engine-out NOx emissions over diesel-like load range with acceptable dynamic response.

Research and Development of Hydrogen Engine Systems Based on Industrial Engines

Kota Tanaka (Toyota Industries Corporation)･Kohei Kuzuoka (AIST)･Hiroshi Yamamoto (Diamond & Zebra Electric)

A hydrogen engine was developed by converting the fuel supply system of a mass-produced LPG engine to accommodate hydrogen, with the goal of achieving carbon neutrality for industrial engines. To address the torque reduction resulting from the conversion to a hydrogen engine, turbocharger was added, along with abnormal combustion suppression technologies and hydrogen concentration reduction technologies in the crankcase. Minimal system modifications enabled the achievement of power performance equivalent to the base engine as well as ultra-low NOx emissions.

Research on Abnormal Combustion in Hydrogen Engines
-Construction of Knocking Prediction Model-

Hiroki KAMBE (Toyota Industries Corporation)･Ryo MASUDA (Toyota Central R&D Labs.)

A knocking prediction model for hydrogen combustion was developed and integrated into a 1D simulation to understand knocking occurrence and its factors. The model was validated using engine measurement data. It included an ignition delay database accounting for EGR ratio and NO concentration effects. Validation confirmed that using the Livengood-Wu integral value of one, it’s possible to predict knocking by the in-cylinder combustion threshold. The study revealed that the NO concentration in the EGR gas significantly affects the ignition delay time in hydrogen fuel, highlighting its importance in the knock model.